terrafugia transtion
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| Transition | |
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| Production Prototype of Terrafugia Transition at the N.Y. Int'l Auto Show in April 2012 | |
| Role | Light-sport aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Terrafugia |
| First flight | March 5, 2009[1] |
| Introduction | In development since 2006, prototype unveiled in 2009 |
| Number built | 3[2] |
| Unit cost | US$279,000[3] |
The Terrafugia Transition is a light sport, roadable airplane under development by Terrafugia since 2006.[4]
The Rotax 912ULS[5] piston engine powered, carbon-fiber vehicle is planned to have a flight range of 425 nmi (489 mi; 787 km) using either automotive premium grade unleaded gasoline or 100LL avgas and a cruising flight speed of 93 kn (107 mph; 172 km/h). Equipment includes a Dynon Skyview glass panel avionics system, an airframe parachute, and an optional autopilot.[6]
On the road, it can drive up to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h)[7] with normal traffic. The Transition Production Prototype's folded dimensions of 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) high, 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) wide and 18 ft 9 in (5.72 m) long are designed to fit within a standard household garage. When operated as a car, the engine power take-off near the propeller engages a variable-diameter pulley CVT automatic transmission to send power to the trailing-suspension mounted rear wheels via half-shaftspowering belt drives.[8] In flight, the engine drives a pusher propeller. The Transition has folding wings, pusher propeller and twin tail.
The experimental Transition Proof of Concept's first flight in March, 2009 was successful and took place under FAA supervision at Plattsburgh International Airport in upstate New York using U.S. Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) tail number N302TF. First customer delivery, as of March 2009, was originally planned for 2011.[1][9][10]Development Milestones
On July 1, 2010 it was announced that the Terrafugia Transition had been granted an exemption from the FAA concerning its Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) allowing the Transition to be certified with a take-off weight up to 1,430 pounds (650 kg); the limit matches the MTOW for amphibious light-sport aircraft.[11] The extra 110 pounds (50 kg) granted by the exemption provides more weight allowance for the mandatory road safety features such as airbags and bumpers.[11][12]
The proposed design of the production version was made public at AirVenture Oshkosh on 26 July 2010.[13] Aerodynamic changes revealed included a new, optimized airfoil, Hoerner wingtips, and removal of the canard after it was found to have an adverse aerodynamic interaction with the front wheel suspension struts; furthermore, the multipurpose passenger vehicle classification from theNHTSA removed the requirement for a full width bumper that had inspired the original canard design.[14]
On November 16, 2010 the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) published Terrafugia's July 20, 2010 petition for a temporary, three-year hardship exemption from four FMVSS standards in the Transition.[15][16] They requested:
- To use lighter weight but equally safe motorcycle tires instead of RV tires. (FMVSS No. 110, S4.1 and S4.4)
- To not include an electronic stability control system because of its weight and potential to become a single point of failure that might unintentionally throttle back the engine in flight. (FMVSS No. 126)
- To use lighter and stronger, but less scratch resistant, polycarbonate for the windshield and side windows in place of glass to more safely withstand bird strikes. (FMVSS No. 205, S5)
- To use basic airbags instead of advanced, dual stage airbags because of a lack of financial resources to develop an advanced air bag system. (FMVSS No. 208, S14 except S14.5.1(a))
The NHTSA granted all of the requested exemptions on June 29, 2011, but limited the stability control and airbag exemptions to one year instead of three as originally requested.[17][18] Also in June, 2011, a delay was announced pushing initial customer deliveries to "late 2012".[19] December, 2011 saw the base price increased to US$279,000.[3]
After undergoing drive tests and high-speed taxi tests, the Production Prototype completed its first flight on March 23, 2012 at the sameairport in Plattsburgh, New York that was used for the Proof of Concept's flight testing.[16][20][21] The production prototype then made its auto show debut at the 2012 New York International Auto Show in April, 2012.[22]
In June, 2012, Terrafugia announced that the Transition had completed the first of six phases of flight testing.[23][24] By July, the second phase of testing was underway, expanding the performance envelope in the sky and continuing drive testing on the ground.[25]
[edit]Specifications
Data from Terrafugia Transition Proof of Concept specifications.[26][27][28] Terrafugia Transition 2010 specifications.[29]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1 pilot
- Capacity: 1 passenger
- Payload: 460 lb (210 kg) ()
- Length: 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) ()
- Wingspan: 26 ft 6 in (8.08 m) ()
- Height: 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) ()
- Empty weight: 970 lb (440 kg) ()
- Useful load: 460 lb (210 kg) ()
- Max. takeoff weight: 1,430 lb (650 kg)[11] ()
- Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 912ULS, 100 hp (75 kW) @ 5800 rpm (max. 5 minutes), 95 hp (71 kW) @ 5500 rpm (continuous) ()
- Propellers:
Proof of Concept - Prince Aircraft Company, four-bladed "P-Tip"[30][31]
Production Prototype - Sensenich 3 Blade Rotax Ground Adjustable Propeller[32] propeller- Propeller diameter: 68 in. (1.7 m) ()
- Cockpit width: 48 in (1.2 m) at the shoulder
- Fuel capacity: 23 US gal (87 L; 19 imp gal), 141 pounds (64 kg)
- Length on road: 18 ft 9 in (5.72 m) with elevator up
- Width on road: 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) with wings folded
- Height on road: 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
- Rear wheel drive on road
Performance
- Maximum speed: 100 kts (115 mph or 185 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 93 kts (107 mph or 172 km/h)
- Stall speed: 45 kts (51 mph or 82 km/h)
- Range: Flying - 425 nmi (489 mi; 787 km) () ; Driving - 805 mi (1,296 km; 700 nmi)
- Maximum speed on road: 70 mph (110 km/h)[7]
- Fuel economy in cruise flight: 5 US gal (19 L) per hour, 21.4 mpg-US (11.0 L/100 km; 25.7 mpg-imp)
- Fuel economy on road: 35 mpg-US (6.7 L/100 km; 42 mpg-imp)
- Certifications: Both FAA and FMVSS certifications planned
- Dynon Avionics EFIS-D100 Electronic Flight Information System with HS34 Nav and GPS Connectivity
- Dynon Avionics EMS-D120 Engine Monitoring System
- Dynon Avionics SkyView SV-D1000
- XCOM Avionics VHF Transceiver
- Transition custom touch screen dashboard computer
[edit]References
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